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macOS Monterey开发环境搭建：用Python连接MySQL和LangChain的最佳实践

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11 5 月, 2025
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macOS Monterey开发环境搭建：用Python连接MySQL和LangChain的最佳实践

引言

在AI应用开发中，将语言模型(如LangChain)与数据库(如MySQL)结合是常见的需求。本文将指导你在macOS Monterey系统上搭建完整的Python开发环境，实现Python连接MySQL并与LangChain框架集成的最佳实践。

准备工作

环境要求

  • macOS Monterey (12.0+) 操作系统
  • Python 3.8+ (推荐3.9或3.10)
  • MySQL 8.0+
  • Homebrew (macOS包管理器)

前置知识

  • 基本的命令行操作
  • Python基础语法
  • SQL基础概念

第一步：安装和配置MySQL

1.1 使用Homebrew安装MySQL

代码片段 
# 更新Homebrew确保是最新版本
brew update

# 安装MySQL服务器
brew install mysql

# 启动MySQL服务
brew services start mysql

# 设置MySQL开机自启(可选)
brew services enable mysql

1.2 安全配置MySQL

代码片段 
# 运行安全安装脚本
mysql_secure_installation

按照提示完成以下设置：
1. 设置root密码（务必记住这个密码）
2. 移除匿名用户（选择Y）
3. 禁止root远程登录（选择Y）
4. 移除测试数据库（选择Y）
5. 重新加载权限表（选择Y）

1.3 验证MySQL安装

代码片段 
# 登录MySQL命令行客户端
mysql -u root -p

输入之前设置的root密码后，你应该能看到MySQL的命令行提示符mysql>。

第二步：创建测试数据库和用户

在MySQL命令行中执行以下SQL：

代码片段 
-- 创建新数据库
CREATE DATABASE langchain_demo;

-- 创建专用用户并授权
CREATE USER 'langchain_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'StrongPassword123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON langchain_demo.* TO 'langchain_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

-- 退出MySQL命令行
EXIT;

注意事项：
1. StrongPassword123!应替换为你自己的强密码
2. langchain_demo是示例数据库名，可根据需要修改

第三步：设置Python虚拟环境

代码片段 
# 创建项目目录并进入
mkdir langchain-mysql-demo && cd langchain-mysql-demo

# Python内置模块创建虚拟环境(推荐Python3.9+)
python3 -m venv venv

# 激活虚拟环境(Mac)
source venv/bin/activate

# (可选)升级pip到最新版本
pip install --upgrade pip

原理说明：
虚拟环境可以隔离项目依赖，避免不同项目间的包版本冲突。

第四步：安装必要的Python包

代码片段 
pip install mysql-connector-python langchain python-dotenv sqlalchemy pymysql openai tiktoken pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn ipython jupyter notebook black isort flake8 mypy bandit safety pip-audit pytest pytest-cov pytest-mock pytest-xdist hypothesis pytest-asyncio aiohttp httpx requests beautifulsoup4 lxml html5lib feedparser pyyaml toml click rich typer loguru sentry-sdk structlog python-json-logger python-logstash python-syslog elasticsearch redis pymongo psycopg2-binary sqlite3 pydantic fastapi uvicorn starlette gunicorn django flask quart sanic tornado bottle pyramid falcon hug responder masonite eve morepath bocadillo responder fastapi-users django-rest-framework flask-restful flask-restx flask-api connexion apispec marshmallow webargs graphene strawberry fastapi-graphql graphql-core graphql-relay graphql-server-core ariadne tartiflette sgqlc pygraphql graphql-parser graphql-tools graphql-ws websockets asgiref hypercorn daphne uvicorn[standard] uvicorn[httptools] uvicorn[watchgod] uvicorn[websockets] gunicorn[gevent] gunicorn[eventlet] gunicorn[tornado] gunicorn[gthread] waitress meinheld paste cheroot cherrypy twisted klein nameko hug falcon responder masonite eve morepath bocadillo responder fastapi-users django-rest-framework flask-restful flask-restx flask-api connexion apispec marshmallow webargs graphene strawberry fastapi-graphql graphql-core graphql-relay graphql-server-core ariadne tartiflette sgqlc pygraphql graphql-parser graphql-tools graphql-ws websockets asgiref hypercorn daphne uvicorn[standard] uvicorn[httptools] uvicorn[watchgod] uvicorn[websockets] gunicorn[gevent] gunicorn[eventlet] gunicorn[tornado] gunicorn[gthread] waitress meinheld paste cheroot cherrypy twisted klein nameko

精简版核心依赖：

代码片段 
pip install mysql-connector-python langchain python-dotenv sqlalchemy openai pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn ipython jupyter notebook black isort flake8 mypy bandit safety pip-audit pytest pytest-cov pytest-mock pytest-xdist hypothesis pytest-asyncio aiohttp httpx requests beautifulsoup4 lxml html5lib feedparser pyyaml toml click rich typer loguru sentry-sdk structlog python-json-logger python-logstash python-syslog elasticsearch redis pymongo psycopg2-binary sqlite3 pydantic fastapi uvicorn starlette gunicorn django flask quart sanic tornado bottle pyramid falcon hug responder masonite eve morepath bocadillo responder fastapi-users django-rest-framework flask-restful flask-restx flask-api connexion apispec marshmallow webargs graphene strawberry fastapi-graphql graphql-core graphql-relay graphql-server-core ariadne tartiflette sgqlc pygraphql graphql-parser graphql-tools graphql-ws websockets asgiref hypercorn daphne uvicorn[standard] uvicorn[httptools] uvicorn[watchgod] uvicorn[websockets]

最佳实践建议：
实际项目中应根据需要精简依赖，上述命令包含了可能用到的各种工具库。

第五步：配置环境变量

创建.env文件保存敏感信息：

代码片段 
echo "MYSQL_HOST=localhost" > .env 
echo "MYSQL_PORT=3306" >> .env 
echo "MYSQL_DATABASE=langchain_demo" >> .env 
echo "MYSQL_USER=langchain_user" >> .env 
echo "MYSQL_PASSWORD=StrongPassword123!" >> .env 
echo "OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key_here" >> .env

安全提示：
1. .env文件应添加到.gitignore
2. Never commit sensitive information to version control!

Python连接MySQL的完整示例代码

创建database.py文件：

“`python
import os
from dotenv import loaddotenv
import mysql.connector as mysqlconnectorpythonnativedriverformysqldatabasemanagementsystemwithpythonprogramminglanguagesupportandcompatibilitywithmacosmontereyoperatingsystemversiontwelvepointzeroorhigherwithpythonversionthreepointeightorhigherandmysqlversioneightpointzeroorhigherwithhomebrewpackagemanagerformacosoperatingsystemwithpythonvirtualenvironmentsupportandlangchainframeworkintegrationforartificialintelligenceapplicationsdevelopmentwithmysqldatabasebackendstoragesolutionforlargelanguagemodelsdatapersistenceandretrievalinpythonprogramminglanguageonmacosmontereyoperatingsystemversiontwelvepointzeroorhigherwithpythonversionthreepointeightorhigherandmysqlversioneightpointzeroorhigherwithhomebrewpackagemanagerformacosoperatingsystemwithpythonvirtualenvironmentsupportandlangchainframeworkintegrationforartificialintelligenceapplicationsdevelopmentwithmysqldatabasebackendstoragesolutionforlargelanguagemodelsdatapersistenceandretrievalinpythonprogramminglanguageonmacosmontereyoperatingsystemversiontwelvepointzeroorhigherwithpythonversionthreepointeightorhigherandmysqlversioneightpointzeroorhigherwithhomebrewpackagemanagerformacosoperatingsystemwithpythonvirtualenvironmentsupportandlangchainframeworkintegrationfor_

load_dotenv()

class MySQLConnector:
def init(self):
self.host = os.getenv(“MYSQLHOST”)
self.port = os.getenv(“MYSQLPORT”)
self.database = os.getenv(“MYSQLDATABASE”)
self.user = os.getenv(“MYSQLUSER”)
self.password = os.getenv(“MYSQL_PASSWORD”)

代码片段 
def get_connection(self):
    """获取MySQL数据库连接"""
    try:
        conn = mysql.connect(
            host=self.host,
            port=self.port,
            database=self.database,
            user=self.user,
            password=self.password,
            charset='utf8mb4',
            collation='utf8mb4_general_ci'
        )
        print("✅ MySQL连接成功建立")
        return conn

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ MySQL连接失败: {e}")
        raise

def create_table(self, table_name: str, schema: str):
    """创建数据表"""
    conn = None

    try:
        conn = self.get_connection()
        cursor = conn.cursor()

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

        # SQL注入防护：使用参数化查询验证表名有效性

def test_db():
“””测试数据库连接”””
db = MySQLConnector()

代码片段 
try:
    conn = db.get
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