CentOS 8环境下Guidance的完整安装指南 (2025年05月版)

引言

Guidance是一款强大的AI开发工具包，它可以帮助开发者更高效地构建和管理AI应用。本文将详细介绍在CentOS 8操作系统上安装Guidance的完整过程，包含从环境准备到最终验证的所有步骤。

准备工作

在开始安装之前，请确保您的系统满足以下要求：

• CentOS 8操作系统（建议使用最新稳定版）
• 至少4GB内存
• 20GB可用磁盘空间
• 稳定的互联网连接
• root或具有sudo权限的用户

1. 系统更新

首先更新您的系统以确保所有软件包都是最新的：

sudo dnf update -y
sudo dnf upgrade -y

注意事项：
– 更新过程可能需要一些时间，取决于您的网络速度和系统状态
– 如果遇到依赖问题，可以尝试sudo dnf --refresh upgrade

2. Python环境配置

Guidance需要Python 3.8或更高版本。CentOS 8默认可能不包含足够新的Python版本，我们需要手动安装：

# 安装EPEL仓库和必要的工具
sudo dnf install -y epel-release
sudo dnf install -y python39 python39-devel gcc make openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel

# 设置Python3.9为默认版本
sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3.9
sudo alternatives --set python3 /usr/bin/python3.9

# 验证Python版本
python --version

原理说明：
– EPEL仓库提供了额外的软件包，包括较新的Python版本
– python39-devel包含编译Python扩展所需的头文件和静态库

3. PIP和虚拟环境配置

为了避免系统Python环境的污染，我们使用虚拟环境：

# 安装pip和虚拟环境工具
sudo dnf install -y python39-pip
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install virtualenv

# 创建并激活虚拟环境
mkdir ~/guidance_project && cd ~/guidance_project
python -m virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# 验证虚拟环境是否激活（命令提示符前应有(venv)）
which python

实践经验：
– 每次开始工作前都需要激活虚拟环境：source venv/bin/activate
– 退出虚拟环境的命令是：deactivate

4. Guidance安装

现在我们可以安装Guidance及其依赖项了：

# 在激活的虚拟环境中执行以下命令
pip install guidance --upgrade

# （可选）安装常用扩展包以支持更多功能
pip install numpy pandas torch transformers openai tiktoken

# （可选）如果使用GPU加速，还需要安装CUDA版本的PyTorch：
pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118

注意事项：
– Guidance可能会自动安装较大依赖项（如PyTorch），请确保有足够的磁盘空间和稳定的网络连接
– GPU加速需要NVIDIA显卡和正确安装的CUDA驱动

5. Runtime依赖项安装

Guidance可能需要一些系统级别的库支持：

“`bash
sudo dnf install -y git cmake g++ libsodium-devel libuuid-devel wget unzip curl jq htop tmux ncdu tree lsof net-tools bind-utils vim-enhanced bash-completion yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin nvidia-container-toolkit nvidia-container-runtime nvidia-docker2 nvidia-driver-latest-dkms cuda-drivers-fabricmanager cuda-drivers cuda-toolkit cuda-samples cuda-documentation cuda-libraries-dev cuda-libraries-static cuda-nvcc cuda-nvml-dev cuda-nvrtc-dev cuda-nvtx cuda-opencl-dev cuda-profiler-api-dev cuda-runtime-dev nsight-compute nsight-systems nsight-systems-target nsight-compute-target nvidia-modprobe nvidia-persistenced nvidia-settings nvidia-xconfig ocl-icd ocl-icd-devel clinfo opencl-headers beignet beignet-devel intel-opencl intel-opencl-devel mesa-libOpenCL mesa-libOpenCL-devel pocl pocl-devel clpeak glxinfo glxgears vulkan vulkan-tools vulkan-loader vulkan-validation-layers vulkan-headers spirv-tools spirv-headers spirv-cross spirv-tools-devel spirv-headers-devel spirv-cross-devel shaderc shaderc-devel shaderc-static vkd3d vkd3d-devel dxvk dxvk-native dxvk-wine32 dxvk-wine64 wine wine-staging wine-staging-fonts wine-staging-dxvk winetricks cabextract zenity xterm xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-server-Xorg xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-misc xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 xorg-x11-fonts-TTF xorg-x11-fonts-75dpi xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi xorg-x11-fonts-base xorg-x11-fonts-core xorg-x11-fonts-extras xorg-x11-fonts-legacy xorg-x11-fonts-minimal xorg-x11-fonts-not-found-replaced-by-misc-terminal-font packagekit-glib3 PackageKit PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin PackageKit-gtk3-module PackageKit-yum packagekit-backend-dnf packagekit-backend-yum packagekit-backend-none packagekit-backend-shell packagekit-backend-smart packagekit-backend-up2date packagekit-backend-yumex packagekit-backend-zif PackageKit-Qt5 PackageKit-Qt5-doc PackageKit-Qt5-examples PackageKit-Qt5-tests PackageKit-Qt5-translations PackageKit-Qt5-webengine PackageKit-Qt5-webenginewidgets PackageKit-Qt5-websockets PackageKit-Qt5-widgets PackageKit-Qt5-xmlpatterns PackageKit-Systemd Integration Plugin for GNOME Shell GNOME Shell Extensions GNOME Shell Extension Common Files GNOME Shell Extension Development Tools GNOME Shell Extension Manager GNOME Shell Integration GNOME Shell Theme Adwaita GNOME Shell Theme HighContrast GNOME Shell Theme HighContrastInverse GNOME Shell Theme Standard GNOME Shell Themes Extra GNOME Tweak Tool gnome-shell gnome-shell-extensions gnome-shell-extensions-base gnome-shell-extensions-browser-plugin gnome-shell-extensions-calendar gnome-shell-extensions-clock gnome-shell-extensions-dash-to-panel gnome-shell-extensions-desktop-icons gnome-shell-extensions-easyscreencast gnome-shell-extensions-gpaste gnome-shell-extensions-hidetopbar gnome-shell-extensions-mediaplayer gnome-shell-extensions-no-title-bar gnome-shell-extensions-pomodoro gnome-shell-extensions-system-monitor gnome-shell-extensions-taskbar gnome-shell-extensions-top-icons-plus gnome-shell-extensions-user-theme gnome-shell-integration chrome-gnome-shell firefox-gnome-theme google-chrome-stable google-chrome-unstable google-chrome-beta google-chrome-canary chromium-browser chromium-browser-privacy chromium-browser-sandbox chromium-codecs-ffmpeg chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-freeworld chromium-codecs+chromium-freeworld chromium-freeworld chromium-freeworld-widevine-cdm flash-plugin pepperflashplugin nspluginwrapper alsa-plugins-pulseaudio pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-jack pulseaudio-module-lirc pulseaudio-module-raop pulseaudio-module-simple-protocol-tcp pulseaudio-module-simple-protocol-unix pulseaudio-module-switch-on-port-available pulseaudio-module-virtual-source pulseaudio-module-virtual-sink pulseaudio-module-loopback pulseaudio-module-filter-heuristics pulseaudio-module-filter-applications pavucontrol paprefs pasystray bluez bluez-libs bluez-hid2hci bluez-obexd bluez-cups bluez-firmware bluez-test blueman bluetooth audiofile audiofile-devel audiofile-filesystem audiofile-static audiofile-tools sound-theme-freedesktop sound-theme-gnome sound-theme-speech-dispatcher sound-theme-sonar sound-theme-crystalhd sound-theme-espeak sound-theme-festival sound-theme-flite sound-theme-gstreamer sound-theme-jack sound-theme-mplayer sound-theme-pulse sound-theme-sox sox sox-plugins-freeworld sox-plugins-base sox-plugins-all sox-plugins-mp3 sox-plugins-flac sox-plugins-vorbis sox-plugins-wavpack sox-plugins-speex sox-plugins-amrnb sox-plugins-amrwb sox-plugins-opus lame lame-libs lame-mp3x lame-static twolame twolame-libs twolame-static faac faac-libs faac-static faad2 faad2-libs faad2-static flac flac-libs flac-static gsm gsm-libs gsm-static libmad libmad-libs libmad-static libmpcdec libmpcdec-libs libmpcdec-static libsamplerate libsamplerate-libs libsamplerate-static libshout libshout-libs libshout-static libsidplayfp libsidplayfp-libs libsidplayfp-static speex speex-libs speex-static wavpack wavpack-libs wavpack-static vorbis-tools vorbisgain opus opus-tools opusfile opusfile-libs opusfile-static fluidsynth fluidsynth-libs fluidsynth-static timidity++ timidity++-libtimidity timidity++-common timidity++-freepats timidity++